# 9.6.图像扫描仪

在 FreeBSD 中，图像扫描仪的访问通过 [SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy)](http://www.sane-project.org/) 提供，该软件在 FreeBSD Ports 中可用。

## 9.6.1. 检查扫描仪

在进行任何配置之前，检查扫描仪是否受到 SANE 支持非常重要。

将扫描仪连接好后，运行以下命令以获取所有连接的 USB 设备：

```sh
# usbconfig list
```

输出应类似于以下内容：

```sh
ugen4.2: <LITE-ON Technology USB NetVista Full Width Keyboard.> at usbus4, cfg=0 md=HOST spd=LOW (1.5Mbps) pwr=ON (70mA)
ugen4.3: <Logitech USB Optical Mouse> at usbus4, cfg=0 md=HOST spd=LOW (1.5Mbps) pwr=ON (100mA)
ugen3.2: <HP Deskjet 1050 J410 series> at usbus3, cfg=0 md=HOST spd=HIGH (480Mbps) pwr=ON (2mA)
```

运行以下命令获取 `idVendor` 和 `idProduct`：

```sh
# usbconfig -d 3.2 dump_device_desc
```

> **注意**
>
> 注意，扫描仪是即插即用设备，更改其连接的 USB 端口将更改 `usbconfig list` 输出中的内容。

输出应类似于以下内容：

```sh
ugen3.2: <HP Deskjet 1050 J410 series> at usbus3, cfg=0 md=HOST spd=HIGH (480Mbps) pwr=ON (2mA)

bLength = 0x0012
bDescriptorType = 0x0001
bcdUSB = 0x0200
bDeviceClass = 0x0000  <Probed by interface class>
bDeviceSubClass = 0x0000
bDeviceProtocol = 0x0000
bMaxPacketSize0 = 0x0040
idVendor = 0x03f0
idProduct = 0x8911
bcdDevice = 0x0100
iManufacturer = 0x0001  <HP>
iProduct = 0x0002  <Deskjet 1050 J410 series>
bNumConfigurations = 0x0001
```

若获得了 `idVendor` 和 `idProduct`，需要在 [SANE 支持的设备列表](http://www.sane-project.org/lists/sane-mfgs-cvs.html) 中检查扫描仪是否受支持，可以通过 `idProduct` 进行筛选。

## 9.6.2. SANE 配置

SANE 通过后端提供对扫描仪的访问。为了能够在 FreeBSD 上进行扫描，必须安装 [graphics/sane-backends](https://cgit.freebsd.org/ports/tree/graphics/sane-backends/) 包，可以通过运行以下命令进行安装：

```sh
# pkg install sane-backends
```

> **技巧**
>
> 某些 USB 扫描仪需要加载固件。例如，上面使用的 HP 扫描仪，需要安装 [print/hplip](https://cgit.freebsd.org/ports/tree/print/hplip/) 包。

安装完必要的包后，必须配置 [devd(8)](https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd\&sektion=8\&format=html) 以允许 FreeBSD 访问扫描仪。

将 `saned.conf` 文件添加到 /usr/local/etc/devd/saned.conf，内容如下：

```ini
notify 100 {
        match "system" "USB";
        match "subsystem" "INTERFACE";
        match "type" "ATTACH";
        match "cdev" "ugen[0-9].[0-9]";
        match "vendor" "0x03f0"; ①
        match "product" "0x8911"; ②
        action "chown -L cups:saned /dev/\$cdev && chmod -L 660 /dev/\$cdev";
};
```

* ① `vendor`: 是通过运行 `usbconfig -d 3.2 dump_device_desc` 命令获得的 `idVendor`。
* ② `product`: 是通过运行 `usbconfig -d 3.2 dump_device_desc` 命令获得的 `idProduct`。

之后，必须通过运行以下命令重新启动 [devd(8)](https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd\&sektion=8\&format=html)：

```sh
# service devd restart
```

SANE 后端包括 [scanimage(1)](https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=scanimage\&sektion=1\&format=html)，可以用来列出设备并执行图像采集。

执行 [scanimage(1)](https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=scanimage\&sektion=1\&format=html) 并使用 `-L` 参数列出扫描仪设备：

```sh
# scanimage -L
```

输出应类似于以下内容：

```sh
device `hpaio:/usb/Deskjet_1050_J410_series?serial=XXXXXXXXXXXXXX' is a Hewlett-Packard Deskjet_1050_J410_series all-in-one
```

如果 [scanimage(1)](https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=scanimage\&sektion=1\&format=html) 无法识别扫描仪，将出现以下消息：

```sh
No scanners were identified. If you were expecting something different,
check that the scanner is plugged in, turned on and detected by the
sane-find-scanner tool (if appropriate). Please read the documentation
which came with this software (README, FAQ, manpages).
```

待 [scanimage(1)](https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=scanimage\&sektion=1\&format=html) 能够识别扫描仪，配置就完成了，扫描仪现在可以使用。

要启用该服务并让它在启动时运行，执行以下命令：

```sh
# sysrc saned_enable=YES
```

虽然可以通过命令行使用 [scanimage(1)](https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=scanimage\&sektion=1\&format=html) 执行图像采集，但通常更倾向于使用图形界面进行图像扫描。

**表 6. 图形扫描程序**

| 名称                | 许可证     | 包                    |
| ----------------- | ------- | -------------------- |
| skanlite          | GPL 2.0 | graphics/skanlite    |
| GNOME Simple Scan | GPL 3.0 | graphics/simple-scan |
| XSANE             | GPL 2.0 | graphics/xsane       |


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